Coronary Artery Disease – What You Need to Know
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the buildup of plaque inside the arteries that feed your heart. When those arteries narrow, the heart struggles to get enough blood, especially during activity. Most people feel the first sign as pressure or tightness in the chest, but some notice shortness of breath, fatigue, or even no symptoms at all. Knowing the basics helps you spot trouble early and act before a serious event occurs.
Why CAD Happens
The main culprit is a mix of cholesterol, calcium, and other substances that stick to artery walls. Over time, this plaque hardens and reduces the space for blood to flow. High‑fat diets, smoking, lack of exercise, and genetics make the process faster. Conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity also speed up plaque formation because they damage the inner lining of the arteries.
Even medicines can play a role. For example, the blood‑pressure drug eplerenone (covered in one of our articles) can lower fluid buildup, which indirectly helps the heart, but you still need a solid lifestyle plan to keep arteries clear.
How to Lower Your Risk
First, tackle what you can control. Swap fried foods for grilled or baked options, and aim for a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. These choices cut down bad cholesterol and give your body the nutrients it needs to repair artery walls.
Second, move regularly. Even a 30‑minute brisk walk most days of the week improves circulation and keeps blood pressure in check. If you’re new to exercise, start slow and build up; consistency beats intensity for heart health.
Third, quit smoking and limit alcohol. Smoking directly damages the artery lining, while moderate alcohol (if you drink) can be okay, but heavy use spikes blood pressure.
Lastly, stay on top of medical check‑ups. Know your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar numbers. If a doctor prescribes a statin or a blood‑pressure pill, take it as directed – it’s a key part of keeping plaque from growing.
Remember, CAD isn’t a one‑time diagnosis; it’s a lifelong conversation with your body. By watching what you eat, staying active, and working with your healthcare team, you can keep the arteries open and your heart beating strong.
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